... or T-formation, the fullback stands behind the quarterback, and the left and right halfbacks stand to either side of the fullback. hen the quarterback hands the ball off to one of these backs, that player rushes, or runs ith the ball. Backs also block hen the quarterback thros a pass. Many passes go to ide receivers, players ho replace backs or ends and line up on the line of scrimmage but ide of the rest of the formation. They run don the field in planned pass routes to catch balls thron by the quarterback. BDefense Thedefensiveplayers ork together to prevent the offense from scoring. A ro of linemen called the defensive line position themselves at the line of scrimmage a ro of linebackers position themselves about 5 yd 4.6 m behind the defensive line and a collection of defensive backs, called the secondary, stand on the end of the defensive line and behind the linebackers. Thedefensivelinecan use any number of players, but most teams use three or four linemen. Defensive linemen principally are responsible for stopping the oppositions rushing attack and, in passing situations, putting pressure on the quarterback. Depending on the situation, linebackers stop runners, pressure the quarterback, or cover the oppositions receivers. Teams usually employ three or four linebackers. The secondary is composed of cornerbacks and safeties. These players cover receivers, tackle rushers ho break don the field, and pressure the quarterback. The secondary commonly consists of to cornerbacks ho defend the ide receivers and to safeties ho guard the area behind the linebackers.CSpecial Teams Eachteamhasplayers ho enter the game during special plays such as kickoffs, field goals, punts, and returns. The kicker kicks off at the beginning of a game or half, and after his team has scored. The kicker also scores points for the offensive team by kicking the ball through the goalpost uprights these scores are called field goals. hen the offensive team must surrender the ball to the opponents, a punter comes in to kick the ball donfield as far as possible toard the opponents end zone. One player on the return team catches the kickoff or punt and runs upfield hile the other return team players block for him. The return team tries to give the offense good starting field position. IVOFFICIALS .Football Hand SignalsFootball hand signals are often symbolic of the decision being given for example, to signal a holding penalty, an official holds one rist firmly ith the other hand. Although the referee usually gives the signals, they can be given by any of the game officials. Ateamofofficialssupervises play in a regulation game. Professional and major college football programs use seven officials a referee, an umpire, a linesman, a field judge, a back judge, a line judge, and a side judge. The officials carry histles and yello penalty flags. They blo the histles or thro the flags to indicate that an infraction of the rules has occurred. Therefereeisincharge of the game at all levels of play. The referee supervises the other officials, decides on all matters not under other officials specific jurisdiction, and enforces penalties. The referee indicates hen the ball is dead or out of play, and hen it may again be put into play. The referee uses hand signals to indicate these specific decisions and penalties. The referee also makes all final decisions regarding instant replay, hen a questionable call is revieed on videotape. Theumpiremakesdecisions on questions concerning the players equipment, their conduct, and their positioning. The principal duty of the linesman is to mark the position of the ball at the end of each play. The linesman has assistants ho measure distances gained or lost, using a device consisting of to vertical markers connected by a chain or cord 10 yd 9 m long. The linesman must also atch for violations of the rule requiring ... Download