... s authority over both spiritual and earthly affairs, and argued that even kings ere anserable to Gos. Kings, on the other hand, chose as bishops men ho ould be loyal to them.The first serious quarrel as beteen illiam Rufus and Anselm, The man he had made Archbishop of Canterbury. Anselm, ith several other bishops, fearing the king, had escaped from England. After illiams death Anselm refused to do homage to illiams successor, Henry, meanhile, had created several ne bishops but they had no spiritual authority ithout the blessing of the archbishop. This left the king in a dificult position. It took seven years to settle the disagreement. Finally the king agreed that only the Church could create bishops. But in return the Church agreed that bishops ould pay homage to the king for the lands oned by their bisoprics. In practice the ishes of the king in the appointment of bishops remained important. But after Anselms death Henry managed to delay the appointment of a ne arcbishop for five years hile he benefited from the ealth of Canterbury. The struggle beteen Church and state continued.The crisis came hen Henry IIs friend Thomas Beket as appointed Archbishop of Canterbury in 1162. Henry hoped that Thomas ould help him bring the Church more under his control. At first Becket refused, and then he gave in. Later he changed his mind again and ran aay to France, And it seemed as if Henry had on. But in 1170 Becket returned to England determined to resist the king. Henry as very angy, and four knights ho heard him speak out ent to Canterbury to murder Becket. They killed him in the holiest place in the cathedral, on the altar steps. All Christian Europe as shocked, and Thomas Becket became a saint of the Church. Forhundreds of years afterards people not only from England but also from Europe travelled to Canterbury to pray at Beckets grave. Henry as forced to ask the popes forgiveness. He also alloed himself to be hipped by monks. The pope used the event to take back some of the Churchs privileges. But Henry II could have lost much more than he did. Luckily for Henry, the nobles ere also involved in the argument, and Henry had the nobles on his side. Usually the church preferred to support the king against the nobles, but expected to be rearded for its support. King Johns mistake forty years later as to upset both Church and nobles at the same time. The beginnings of ParliamentKing John had signed Magna Carta unillingly, and it quickly became clear that he as not going to keep to the agreement. The nobles rebelled and soon pushed Jhon out of the southeast. But civil ar as avoided because John died suddenly in 1216.Henry as finally able to rule himself at the age of tenty-five. It as understandable that he anted to be completely independent of the people ho controlled his life for so long. He spends his time ith foreign friends, and became involved in expensive ars supporting the pope in Sicily and also in France.Henrys heavy spending and his foreign advisers upset the nobles. Once again they acted as a class under the leadership of Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester. In 1258 they took over the government and elected a council of nobles. De Montfort called it a parliament, or parlament, a French ord meaning a discussion meeting. This parliament took control of the treasury and forced Henry to get rid of his foreign advisers. The tons, ich ished to be free of Henrys heavy taxes, supported the nobles.But some of nobles did no support the revolutionery ne council, and remained loyal to Hrnry. ith their help Henry as finally able to defeat and kill Simon de Montfort in 1265. Once again he had full royal authority, although he as careful to accept the balance, hich de Montfort had created beteen king and nobles. hen Henry died in 1272 his son Edard I took the thorne ithout question.Edard I brought tigether the real parliament.Simon de Montfort s ... Download